Mandarin I Berkeley Extension Class 7 Oct. 18, 2011

425 Market Street
San Francisco, CA
Professor: Virginia Mau

Test 11/1 (next class): Comprehensive – First three lessons. Dictation and fill in blanks.
First part: pinyin. Second part: translation. Test 15 minutes “at most.”
Dec. 13: review for Final
Dec. 20: no class; take Final and go.

我会说一点儿普通话 = I can speak a little Mandarin.
Wo3 hui4 shuo1 yi4dian3 er pu3tong1hua4

點/点 = dot, speck, spot; point, degree
dian3

會/会 = be able to; be likely to; to assemble; to meet; to gather; group; association
hui4

說/说 = speak or say
shuo1

兒/儿 = non-syllabic dimi. suff.er (no tone)

普通話 / 普通话
= common tongue or Mandarin
pu3tong1hua4

点心 = dim sum (Ms Mau:“a little bit for your heart”)
dian3 xin1

羊城 = nickname for Guangzhou (literally “ram city”)
yang2 cheng2

More info: The Chinese abbreviation of Guangzhou is Sui (Sui; pinyin: sùi; Jyutping: seoi6;Yale: seuīh) or sometimes GZ. The city has the nicknames of Wuyangcheng (City of FiveRams), Yangcheng (City of Rams), Huacheng (City of Flowers), or Suicheng (City of Wheats).The city can also be referred to as the MuMianCheng (City of Ceiba).

(From http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-CN&u=http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/29003692&ei=uzCnTp-UJ6LYiAKyws3QDw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCIQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25E7%25BE%258A%25E5%259F%258E%2Bis%2Bwhat%2Bcity%253F%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1G1GGLQ_ENUS314%26prmd%3Dimvns)

Good dim sum restaurants (Ms. Mau recommends):
Good Luck Dim Sum,
736 Clement, SF
SF Health rating: 91/100 May 18

Ratings for San Francisco restaurants:

(Please search yourself. They keep changing the link.)

Hong Kong Flower Lounge (owned by Mayflower company)
51 W MILLBRAE AVE, MILLBRAE
San Mateo Health rating: Fair (which is like a “C” in Health) and repeated investigations.

Ratings for San Mateo County restaurants:

http://decadeonline.com/insp.phtml?agency=smc&record_id=PR0025318

According to Dean D. Peterson PE, REHS

Director Environmental Health, San Mateo County:“A year ago we changed our rating system – we took out Average so we now have Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor and Closed. Basically if a facility has onemajor violation of a critical item (one that may lead to a food borne illness) they automatically drop to a Fair. So while we do not use lettering it is reasonable to associate the above to an A, B, C, D and F (closed).”

The most famous Daly City Dim Sum is Koi Palace.
On 3/4/2011 it got a “D” in health, or specifically a “poor.”

Popular restaurants with bad health are particularly disturbing to me, so I am publishing Koi Palace’s health rating just through 3/4/11 (in 6 pt. type because it is long with key phrases in 12 pt.) in order to educate the public and hopefully shame Koi Palace into, for example, properly identifying toxic substances.

“04/15/2011 INVESTIGATION0
4/05/2011 CONSTRUCTION/EQUIPMENT INSPECTION
03/22/2011 FOLLOWUP INSPECTION0
3/22/2011 ROUTINE /FACILITY STATUS CLOSURE

Adequate handwashing facilities supplied & accessi – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Toxic substances properly identified, stored, used – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food storage; food storage containers identified – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Equipment/Utensils – approved; installed; clean; g – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Equipment/Utensils – approved; installed; clean; g – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Equipment/Utensils – approved; installed; clean; g – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Equipment/Utensils – approved; installed; clean; g – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Hot and cold water available – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Minor

Food contact surfaces: clean and sanitized – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Approved thawing methods used, frozen food – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food in good condition, safe and unadulterated – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Demonstration of knowledge; food mgr certificate – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Proper eating, tasting, drinking or tobacco use – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Adequate handwashing facilities supplied & accessi – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Food contact surfaces: clean and sanitized – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Food contact surfaces: clean and sanitized – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Food contact surfaces: clean and sanitized – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Adequate handwashing facilities supplied & accessi – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Hands clean and properly washed; gloves used prope – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Food storage; food storage containers identified – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Hot and cold water available – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Premises; personal/cleaning items; vermin-proofing – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Approved thawing methods used, frozen food – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

No rodents, insects, birds, or animals – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Minor

Food contact surfaces: clean and sanitized – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Minor

Hands clean and properly washed; gloves used prope – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Adequate ventilation and lighting; designated area – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Warewashing facilities: installed, maintained, use – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Wiping cloths: properly used and stored – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Time as a public health control; procedures & reco – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Proper cooling methods – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Majo

Please note that vermin is considered “minor.”
Just to calibrate you: in San Mateo county,
“vermin not excluded” can still get you an “A” in health.

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE03/04/2011 ROUTINE /FACILITYSTATUS POOR

Adequate ventilation and lighting; designated area – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Equipment/Utensils – approved; installed; clean; g – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food contact surfaces: clean and sanitized – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Proper eating, tasting, drinking or tobacco use – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Sewage and wastewater properly disposed – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Minor

Food separated and protected – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food properly labeled & honestly presented – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Floors, walls and ceilings: built, maintained, and – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Equipment/Utensils – approved; installed; clean; g – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Wiping cloths: properly used and stored – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Approved thawing methods used, frozen food – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Food storage; food storage containers identified – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Equipment/Utensils – approved; installed; clean; g – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Consumer self service – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Nonfood-contact surfaces clean – OUT OF COMPLIANCE

Hands clean and properly washed; gloves used prope – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Food contact surfaces: clean and sanitized – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Major

Proper hot and cold holding temperatures – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – MinorCompliance with shell stock tags, condition, displ – OUT OF COMPLIANCE – Minor”

People wait an hour in line for this restaurant. Would they, if they saw the above list (remember, it’s much longer)?If people are this ignorant about food safety, even though they are experienced eaters, why should we expect them to know anything about language even though they have spoken and written at least one language most of their lives? Like the seven blind men and the elephant, knowledge of one aspect of a complex process doesn’t assure gestalt. Yet people get angry if you try to inform them. Ignorance is only bliss to those who can make money off of it. Education is a constant process because things change. But now, with a few clicks, we
can know the health of every restaurant we go to. When you can die from cantaloupe, this seems important.

几点? = what time? Literally “How many dots?”—dots being the five-minute markers on a clock or watch.
ji3 dian3

七点 = 7 dot (7 a.m. or p.m.)
qi1 dian3

三点半
san1 dian3 ban4 = 3:30

半 = half; semi-; incomplete; (after a number) and a half; half

一刻 = 15 min. Literally “1/4 [of the hour]”
yi1 ke4

三刻 = 45 min. Literally “3/4 [of the hour]”
san1 ke4

刻 = quarter (hour); (a measure word); to carve; to engrave; to cut; oppressive
ke4

两点一刻 = 2:15
liang3 dian3 yi1 ke4

九点十四 = 9:14
jiu3 dian3 shi2 si4

上午 = a.m.
shang4 wu3

下午 = p.m.
xia4 wu3

鐘/钟 = o’clock
zhong1

凌 = encroach; soar; thick ice
ling2

晟 = clear, bright; splendor, brightness
shèng chéng jīng

Finally figured out which characters these were, but I can’t find what they mean together. Anyone get this?

Review from Class 2:

上 Shang4 = up. 下 Xia4 = down

早 上 Zao3 shang4 = morning (early)

上 午 Shang4 wu3 = Good day (10-noon, or 11-1 says Mandarin Tools)

下 午 Xia4 wu3 = afternoon.

晚 上 Wan3 shang4 = evening

三点五
san1 dian3 wu3 = 3:25 (the wu3 means 5 x 5 markers on the clock, hence 25)

四点零五
si4 dian3 ling2 wu3 = 4:05

零 : This seems like an awful lot of writing just to depict 0 (zero).

小时 = hour
xiao3 shi2

時/时 = o’clock; time; when; hour; season; period
shi2

分钟 = minute
fen1 zhong1

分 = to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of length = 0.33 centimeter)

鐘/钟 = clock; time as measured in hours and minutes; bell
zhōng1

秒 = second
miao3

我不吃肉 = I don’t eat meat.
wo3 bu4 chi1 rou4

肉 = meat, flesh (remember that the moon/month character often stands in for flesh too: )

我吃蔌 = I eat vegetables
wo3 chi1 su4

Mrs. Mau quote: “My mom’s a vegetarian. She doesn’t even eat onions.” (Big laugh.) Apparently onions have enough human characteristics to warrant not eating due to their anthropomorphism. “Onion was transferred from some living creature from some Buddha… She’s going to be a vegetarian for three years. It’s going to expire Mar. 12.”
A new kind of vegan…

Wikipedia:
“East Asian “Buddhist” cuisine differ [sic] from Western vegetarian cuisine in one aspect, that is avoidance of killing plant life. Buddhist vinaya for monks and nuns prohibit harming of plants. Therefore, strictly speaking, root vegetables (such as potatoes, carrots or onion) are not to be used as this will result in death of vegetables.[citation needed] [dubious – discuss] Instead, vegetables such as beans or fruits are used. However, this stricter version of diet is often practiced only on special occasions.[citation needed]

Some Mahayana Buddhists in China, Japan and Vietnam specifically avoid eating strong-smelling plants, traditionally garlic, Allium chinense, asafoetida, shallot, and mountain leek, and refer to these as wǔ hūn (五荤, or ‘Five Acrid And Strong Smelling Vegetables’)or wǔ xīn (五辛 or ‘Five Spices’) as they tend to excite senses. This is based on teachings found in the Brahamajala Sutra, the Surangama Sutra and the Lankavatara Sutra (chapter8). In modern times this rule is often interpreted to include other vegetables of the onion genus, as well as coriander. This draws parallels with some sects of Hinduism, who also do not consume pungent tasting foods.”

我不吃蔌 = (with attitude) Don’t mess with me.
wo3 bu4 chi1 su4

外 = outside; in addition; foreign; external
wai4

外人
wai4 ren = outside person (Ms Mau: “When girls get married.”)

外语
wai4 yu3 = outside language

老師/老师 = teacher
lao3 shi1 (Ms. Mau: “Anyone born earlier than you, that person has something to teach you.” I think Ms.
Mau and I depart on this philosophy. I think everyone has something to teach you regardless of age.)

醫師/医师 = doctor (more respected)
yi1 shi1

醫生/医生 = doctor
yi1 sheng1

Does it strike you as interesting that there are hierarchies to respect in China? Two terms for doctor, but
one is a more respected doctor. Although our term “vice-president” has a similar feeling to it. Not only are you not the president, but you appear to have vices.

大夫
dai4 fu = “big man” = doctor

Note below that the same character has two different meanings, two different sounds:

奶妈 = wet nurse (“nurse” who has breast milk and feeds other people’s children)
nai3 ma

“Also known as nanny nanny, wet nurse, milk basking, Mother, ma old woman, Mama, breast, etc.,names varied, and different names for different times. But All in all, she is a breast-feeding exclusively for people with the baby’s line of business education.”— Google translated from http://baike.baidu.com/view/52726.htm

After I entered the search term 奶妈 and selected the first result.

Ms Mau: “Last emperor had one until he was 14.

Wikipedia says:“Puyi (simplified Chinese: 溥仪;traditional Chinese: 溥儀; pinyin: Pǔyí) (7 February1906 – 17 October 1967), of the Aisin Gioro clan, was the Last Emperor (末代皇帝).”

“Chosen by Dowager Empress Cixi while on her death-bed, [6] Puyi ascended the throne aged 2 years and 10months in December 1908 following his uncle’s death on 14 November. He was titled the Xuantong Emperor. Puyi’s introduction to emperorship began when palace officials arrived at his family household to take him. Puyi screamed and resisted as the officials ordered the eunuchs to pick him up.[14]

His wet-nurse, Wen-Chao Wang, was the only one who could console him, and therefore accompanied Puyi to the Forbidden City. Puyi would not see his real mother again for seven years. Puyi developed a special closeness with Wen-Chao Wang and credited her with being the only person who could control him. She was sent away when he was eight years old. After he married, he would occasionally bring her to the Forbidden City, and later Manchukuo, to visit him. After his special government pardon in 1959, he visited her adopted son and only then learned of her personal sacrifices to be his nurse. [15]”

In class, I pointed out that the second character in nai3 奶 was women’s breasts. Ms. Mau said, “Oh, I wrote it wrong, and she erased the “B” and wrote it again. I said, “It still looks like our capital ‘B.’”This character “woman + B” means “milk.” Milk only comes out of breast-like structures (actually monotremes have lactating patches, but I’ll bet you didn’t even know that, so no surprise this doesn’t show up in the written record).

The guy next to me says he thinks 乃 looks like a pregnant woman, but pregnant women do not have milk. In fact, if you’re lactating and then you get pregnant, you lose your milk. However, 乃 means “to be; thus; so; therefore; then; only; thereupon.” This is euphemistic for “the next thing to happen.” You get knocked up, you have a baby, you have milk.” They’re all related. And they were the most important thing to early man.

Funny how these things were so important, sex is still so important, yet we can’t even acknowledge that the meaning “milk” is depicted in Chinese as coming from women’s breasts. Are you beginning to understand the depths of our denial?

讀/读 = to read/to study
du2

唸/念 = read aloud
nian4

書/书 = book
shu1

念书 读书 = to read, to study
nian4 shu1 became du2 shu1, says Ms. Mau.

Perhaps because “nian” has a heart in its character and nian2 also means “beast,” this character is considered too animalistic/emotional, whereas “du” is one syllable, and it has “words,” “earth” and “boss.”

People who read become the boss. Plus even though 读 has more actual strokes than 念, it is a simpler design. And “du shu” rhymes. Humans like rhymes.